**Description:** A large, sturdy tree with dark, deeply furrowed bark and compound leaves.
**Size:** Reaches heights of 70–100 feet.
**Wildlife Value:** Squirrels are the primary dispersers of the hard-shelled nuts. The husks were historically used for dyes and ink.
**Identification:** Crushed leaves or green husks release a spicy, medicinal citrus-like aroma. It is "allelopathic," releasing chemicals to inhibit nearby plant growth.
**Habitat:** Rich, well-drained soils, often along river terraces.